LoChain: Tsarin Blockchain Na Raba Don Kula da Bayanan Motsi Mai Kare Sirri

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

• 1. Gabatarwa
• 2. Ayyukan Da Suka Danganci
• 3. Tsarin Tsarin LoChain
  • 3.1 Ka'idoji Na Asali
  • 3.2 Abubuwan Ginin Tsarin
  • 3.3 Hanyoyin Kare Sirri
• 4. Aiwalewa
• 5. Kimantawar Gwaji
• 6. Binciken Fasaha
• 7. Aikace-aikacen Gaba
• 8. Nassoshi

1. Gabatarwa

Bayanan motsi sun zama dukiya mai mahimmanci a cikin tsara birane, sarrafa rikice-rikice, da ayyukan birane masu wayo. Duk da haka, tsarin da ke mai da hankali kan bin diddigin motsi yana haifar da matukar damuwa game da sirri saboda suna iya haɗa mutane kai tsaye da motsinsu. Sabis na gargajiya irin na Google da Apple suna adana ɗimbin bayanan sirri masu mahimmanci a kan uwayoyin tsakiya, suna haifar da matsaloli guda ɗaya da haɗarin sirri.

Nazari ya nuna cewa ko da bayanan motsi da ba a san sunansu ba ana iya sake gano su ta hanyar haɗa su da wasu bayanai na waje. Alal misali, masu bincike sun yi nasarar gano mutane daga cikin bayanan da ake ganin ba a san sunansu ba ta hanyar bincika wurare guda huɗu kawai, wanda ya haifar da shakku mai yawa game da ayyukan gargajiya na ɓoye suna.

2. Ayyukan Da Suka Danganci

Hanyoyin da suka gabata na kare sirrin bayanan motsi sun haɗa da sirrin banbance-banbance, k-anonymity, da ɓoyayyen bayanai. Duk da haka, waɗannan hanyoyin sau da yawa suna fuskantar iyakoki a cikin yanayi na raba mulki ko kuma suna fama da daidaita sirri da amfanin bayanai. Maganganun da suka dogara da Blockchain sun fito a matsayin madadin mai ban sha'awa, tare da dandamali kamar Hyperledger Fabric waɗanda ke ba da tsaro mai tsaro don sarrafa bayanai a raba.

3. Tsarin Tsarin LoChain

3.1 Ka'idoji Na Asali

An gina LoChain akan ka'idoji guda uku na asali: raba mulki ta fasahar blockchain, kiyaye sirri ta hanyar matakan kariya da yawa, da kuma kula da amfanin bayanai don dalilai na bincike.

3.2 Abubuwan Ginin Tsarin

Tsarin yana amfani da Hyperledger Fabric a matsayin ginshiƙan blockchain, tare da ƙarin abubuwan da suka haɗa da:

• Layer na ƙayyadaddun adireshin wuri don daidaita wuri
• Hanyar juyar da ainihi don ɓoye sunan mai amfani
• Hanyar sadarwa ta Tor
• Ginin tafkin wuri da yawan tashoshi don rarraba bayanai

3.3 Hanyoyin Kare Sirri

LoChain yana aiwatar da dabarun kare sirri da yawa:

• Shaidun da za a iya zubarwa: Ana haɗa masu amfani da shaidun wucin gadi waɗanda ke juyawa lokaci-lokaci
• Ƙayyadaddun Adireshin Wuri: Ana maye gurbin daidaitattun ma'auni da daidaitattun adireshin wuri
• Rushewar Matsayi na Gida: Allurar amo a matakin gida yana hana bin diddigi daidai
• Share Ainihi na Ƙarya: Cire tsoffin shaidu akai-akai yana hana bin diddigi na dogon lokaci

4. Aiwalewa

An ƙirƙira ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙirar shaida wanda ya haɗa da aikace-aikacen Android, bangaren baya na blockchain, da kuma Layer na gani. Aiwalewar tana amfani da Hyperledger Fabric 2.3 tare da kewayon sabis na al'ada don sarrafa bayanan motsi.

Misalin Code: Algorithm na Juyar da Ainihi

function rotateIdentity(userId, currentTime) {
  // Ƙirƙiri sabon ainihin da za a iya zubarwa
  const newIdentity = hash(userId + currentTime + randomNonce);
  
  // Sabunta taswirar ainihi akan blockchain
  updateIdentityMapping(userId, newIdentity, currentTime);
  
  // Share tsoffin shaidu bisa jadawalin ƙarya
  if (shouldPurgeIdentity(userId, currentTime)) {
    purgeOldIdentities(userId, currentTime - retentionPeriod);
  }
  
  return newIdentity;
}

5. Kimantawar Gwaji

An kimanta tsarin ta amfani da bayanan roba daga masu amfani na zahiri 10,000. Ma'aunin aiki mai mahimmanci sun haɗa da:

Tsarin Lissafi

Za'a iya ƙididdige matakin kariyar sirri ta amfani da wannan dabarar dangane da sirrin banbance-banbance:

$\epsilon = \frac{\Delta f}{\sigma^2} \cdot \sqrt{2\log(1/\delta)}$

Inda $\epsilon$ ke wakiltar kasafin kuɗin sirri, $\Delta f$ shine hankalin tambayar, $\sigma^2$ shine bambancin ƙarar amo, kuma $\delta$ shine yuwuwar keta sirri.

6. Binciken Fasaha

LoChain yana wakiltar ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin sarrafa bayanan motsi mai kare sirri ta hanyar haɗa fasahar blockchain tare da ingantattun hanyoyin kare sirri. Hanyar tsarin don maye gurbin daidaitattun ma'auni da daidaitattun adireshin wuri yana magance ɗaya daga cikin ƙalubalen asali a cikin sirrin wuri - babban abin ganewa na daidaitattun bayanan wuri. Wannan dabarar ta yi daidai da binciken da aka yi daga aikin farko na De Montjoye et al. (2013), wanda ya nuna cewa maki huɗu na lokaci-lokaci sun isa su gano mutane 95% na musamman a cikin bayanan motsi.

Haɗin Hyperledger Fabric yana ba da tushe mai ƙarfi don sarrafa bayanai a raba, yana magance iyakokin tsarin tsakiya da abubuwan da suka faru kamar taron bayanan wuri na Google ba tare da izini ba. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran maganganun sirri na tushen blockchain kamar Zcash ko Monero, waɗanda suka fi mayar da hankali kan ma'amaloli na kuɗi, LoChain yana mai da hankali musamman kan ƙalubalen musamman na bayanan motsi, gami da yanayinsa na ci gaba da babban girma.

Ginin tsarin tashoshi da yawa don kwaikwayon rarraba bayanai yana nuna sabon tunani a cikin iya aikin blockchain, mai kama da dabarun da ake amfani da su a cikin beacon chain na Ethereum 2.0 amma an daidaita su don rarraba bayanan yanki. Wannan hanyar tana ba da damar sarrafa bayanai na gida yayin kiyaye daidaiton duniya, wanda ake buƙata don aikace-aikacen tsara birane.

Ta fuskar fasaha, haɗin juyar da ainihi da ƙayyadaddun adireshin wuri na LoChain yana haifar da tsarin kariyar sirri mai yawa wanda ya wuce iyawar hanyoyin ɓoyayyar gargajiya. Hanyar share ainihi na ƙarya tana gabatar da wani abu mara tsammani wanda ke ƙara farashi da rikitarwar harin sake ganewa, yana ba da garantin da ya fi ƙarfi fiye da dabarun kiyaye sirri na tabbatacce.

7. Aikace-aikacen Gaba

Ginin LoChain yana da aikace-aikace masu ban sha'awa bayan sarrafa bayanan motsi:

• Abubuwan More Rayuwa na Birane Masu Wayo: Ingantaccen zirga-zirga na ainihi yayin kiyaye sirrin ɗan ƙasa
• Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a: Martani annoba da bin diddigin lamba tare da garantin sirri
• Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Motoci Masu Sarrafa Kansu: Raba bayanai mai tsaki tsakanin motoci don kaucewa haɗari
• Kayan Aikin Kayan Aiki: Bin diddigin kaya da dukiya mai kare sirri

Hanyoyin ci gaba na gaba sun haɗa da haɗin kai tare da shaidar rashin sani don ingantaccen sirri, haɗin kai tsakanin sarkar tare da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar blockchain, da matakan sirri masu dacewa dangane da mahallin da abubuwan da mai amfani ya fi so.

8. Nassoshi

1. De Montjoye, Y. A., Hidalgo, C. A., Verleysen, M., & Blondel, V. D. (2013). Na musamman a cikin taron: Iyakokin sirri na motsin ɗan adam. Rahotocin Kimiyya, 3(1), 1376.
2. Lohr, S. (2018). Tarin Bayanan Wuri na Google Ko da An Kashe. The New York Times.
3. O'Flaherty, K. (2020). Muhimman Wuraren Apple: Abin Da Kuke Bukatar Sani. Forbes.
4. Androulaki, E., et al. (2018). Hyperledger Fabric: Tsarin Aiki Mai Rarraba don Blockchains na Izini. EuroSys '18.
5. Zyskind, G., Nathan, O., & Pentland, A. (2015). Rarraba Sirri: Amfani da Blockchain don Kare Bayanan Sirri. IEEE Tsaro da Taron Sirri.